the best henological prayer; when few more DNSs are added, it acquires full consistency in non-classical logic. a “quasi-static process”. Il titolo non ha il significato filosofico usuale che riguarda il pensiero del filosofo Nicola Cusano. Blogger. “Do not confuse the [different] levels [where the coincidence occurs]”; , as illustrated since his first book, i.e. One of them is the notion of the union of the opposites which pervades all this mentalities. Nicholas of Cusa, also referred to as Nicholas of Kues and Nicolaus Cusanus, was a German philosopher, theologian, jurist, mathematician and astronomer. Purple represents the transition between the two opposite colors blue and red and the achievement of the harmony of these two produces what N. Cusano calls "coincidentia oppositorum" and the highest level corresponds to mystical intuition. tr. mean “constant”; moreover, the word “only” represents a double negation, because it is equivalent to “nothing else. An historical case, Avogadro's contribution to atomism (i.e. Saggio filosofico. The greater the distance between them, the more difficult and uncertain is the conclusion. than…- ”. 0000003754 00000 n 243-261, [7]). Pure mathematics and mathematical (symbolic) logic ignore, According to the present pluralism in mathematical logic, I translate from classical logic to nonclassical logic the predicates of the classical square of opposition. ): J.-M. Nicolle [2005]: “Egalité et identité chez Nicolas de Cues”, in D. Larre (ed. cursory analysis of LdV’s notions: “non-violence”; “conversion from evil” “the self”, “God”; in fact, they have all been, illustrated by him through DNSs. apparent one (or rather, it is a partial contradiction only). tu@��ڙ���;0,�S@�"�=�) �k�d�g��#��:���A;F�\{x~�_0K�Ĩ�������Y���ԕ[�yXW|`W0y���Ƞ3c� 4, 1924, pp. 0 Afterwards, this conclusion is changed in the corresponding affirmative predicate, which in the latter part plays the role of a new hypothesis for a deductive development. Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VIII, La Relation Infinie. G. Reale [2008]: “<> ed <>: i due tipi di metafisica creati dai. First section is of a particular interest because in it are introduced, as evenly reasonable from an experimental point of view, two distinct hypothesis on the nature of heat. These hypothesis started two historically antagonist theories: caloric theory (the heat is "a fluid of which the bodies are permeated more or less according to their temperature") and the theory of the equivalence of heat with work (the heat is "the resulting vis viva arising from the movement of the molecules of a body"). , Il grande vetro / Jaca book, Milano, 2009. Here this tri-unity is represented by means of a geometrical figure. 1 / JUNE 2015: 105-120, ISSN 2067-365, www.metajournal.org The Coincidentia oppositorum and the Feeling of Being* Valentin Cozmescu “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi Abstract The coincidentia oppositorum … The relevance of all the four theses of the new logical structure is obtained by studying all the conversion implications of intuitionist predicates. logico, decidere di che tipo di logica è. il tentativo di Cusano di precisarne il metodo è risultato in una scorciatoia, non errata ma valida solo, in alcune situazioni; mentre è stato deviante il tentativo di Hegel; Lanza. Endowed with a natural desire for truth, humans seek it through rational inquiry, which is a movement of the reason from something presupposed as certain to a conclusion that is still in doubt. Indeed, an accurate inspection of Cusanus’ texts shows that in order to discover new names of God by means of coincidences of opposites, Cusanus invented several names belonging to different kinds of non-classical logic—i.e. ABSTRACT In the history of metaphysics it has been a great problem how to clarify the idea of a coincidentia oppositorum (the coincidence of opposites) suggested by Cusano, who is recognized by Cassirer as the first epistemologist of modern thought, in particular as the one who knew how to conquer the infinity to the human mind. In other words, the sequence of all DNSs circumscribes the logical contents of this text. 14 (Engl. Euclidean geometry); the “logic of the natural, logic”, or “the logic of Philosophy”, or the, This supreme logic applies primarily to the notion of God as a Trinity, Cusanus’s texts so accurately as to decide when he effectively argues according to a specific kind of, logic, and when he actually suggests mere guesses. 0000073664 00000 n Almost a century ago Cassirer suggested that Cusanus had looked for a new kind of logic. Afterwards, this conclusion is changed in the corresponding affirmative predicate, which in the latter part plays the role of a new hypothesis for a deductive development. 1. Moreover, he wanted to refer his reasoning not to the square of opposition but to a new logical scheme, a “tri-unity of concordance”, for which he suggested an original definition. But set theory is an erroneous theory. 0000008818 00000 n 459 0 obj <> endobj Secondo Guerlac, Lavoisier aveva intrapreso nel 1777 la collaborazione con Laplace per realizzare il suo progetto di fondare una nuova scienza chimica. it distorts the way of thinking; . (6) The essences of formal logic and mathematics are different. Here Cusanusaddresses the four categorical realities traditionally found inChristian thought: God, the natural universe, Christ and humanbeings. The symbols denote the words "negation", "and", "or", "if, then", "if and only if", etc. 0000010494 00000 n A comparative analysis of their ways of arguing shows that each of these theories is severed in two parts; the former one proves a universal predicate by an ad absurdum proof. other than A”, or rather “Nothing other than, “negative translation”; see D. van Dalen and A.S. T. negation has been ostracised. “contradictories coincide in God”. analysis of their ways of arguing shows that each of these theories is severed in two parts; the former one proves a universal predicate by an ad absurdum proof. Vasiliev's paraconsistent logic is interpreted by differentiating in a scientific theory among axiom-principles, methodological principles and mere guess. If the distanc… 0000006867 00000 n Ultimately, I attribute to Cusano two merits: to have suggested a new way of logical rationality, that capable of reasoning in non-classical logic; to have given, although in an imprecise and obscure manner, a first formalization of this new logic. But the concepts "proposition" and "property of proposition" are not identical. In order to support this new logical structure, I investigate on the rich legacy of the nonclassical arguments presented by ingenuity by several authors of scientific theories. (1) Pure mathematics operates on mathematical quantity. In this case Hegel’, Hegel’s do not contributed to clarifying Cusanus’. 0000003052 00000 n Coincidentia oppositorum: Hybrid Networks Beyond Contract and Organization "Storrs Lectures 2003/04" Yale Law School. thermodynamics; N.I. ): A. Drago [2003]: “The relevance of paraconsistent logic in Experimental, Theoretical and, A. Drago [2005]: “A.N. The definition of symbols is based on set theory. he Philosopher held it to be most certain that an armation contradicts a, ” (A conjecture is a positive sentence about the. We will show that differences in the fundamental concepts of distinct formulations of the same theory are recognised in the original paper as belonging to two different logics, i. e. the classical one and a logic where a doubled negated sentence is not equivalent to the correspondent affirmative statement. , Minerva, Frankfurt/Main, 1962, fo. following emphasis to each negative word will be added. 0000002268 00000 n <]/Prev 160892/XRefStm 1458>> I. 0000011672 00000 n 13, verse 16 which tells us that the Beast marks the forehead of everyone; i.e. 0000038208 00000 n 0000003868 00000 n the process of exiting out Baconian science for suggesting a first theory out Newton’s paradigm, and eventually for introducing a pluralism of incompatible physical theories. tr. Nicholas of Cusa (1401-1464): First Modern Philosopher? 459 30 “logical” side of Hegel's thought had been largely forgotten”. the first formal introduction of intuitionist (actually. Cusa, Nicholas. Reasoning involves a relating or comparing of conclusion with premises. implies that “It is not the case that I do not have five euro”. H�\�͊�@�}���݋&����l��b~g@�� �1ĸ���NN�#hNHU��7����]�}�Շ8�s�5C��C�)^�.��i���l����>�����>��;߲���?���8�8��Ž��^]~x���x���fn�rM}9�_����i�۾I�������[���GWL�sb�[����ñ��l9K��[��g�Ů���¸�t��lY`�l�)�!/��%s��a� o���s��cN����=����s䂹@��Y�Y��6���N�������k�w�wd�. Tumblr is a place to express yourself, discover yourself, and bond over the stuff you love. Therefore, the use of these symbols in mathematical (quantitative) expressions is a gross mistake. one has to find out the suspension point at a different level (put at a proportional height to their distance). While its order mirrors the outflow from God and returnto him, this book does not distingui… 0000007145 00000 n A comparative, A re-visitation of Joule’s experiment motivates a critical analysis of thermodynamic notions: heat, total energy, first principle, organization of a scientific theory, its relationships with logic and mathematics. Pluralism in Logic: The Square of Opposition, Leibniz’ Principle of Sufficient Reason and Markov’s P... Joule’s Experiment as an Event Triggering a Formalization of a Baconian Science Till Up to an Altern... Lavoisier and Laplace's "Mémoire" (1784) and two hypothesis on the nature of heat. This rule was illustrated by the divine, occurs through an interpretation of the two positions, which are only apparently mutually, Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu, Individuum und Kosmos in der Philosophie der Renaissance. It turns out that, in order to support his ideas, Avogadro suggested several ad absurdum proofs, indeed a way of reasoning typically linked to the use of DNSs. negation with respect to its corresponding affirmation and the identity principle: by applying some basic notions of three different kinds of logic. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 … 0000000016 00000 n mathematical logic enable us to suggest some qualifications of this dialectics. Arruda's one and da Costa and Puga's one - the latter one fits the above interpretation.. the correct methodological basis (i.e., criterion of truth) of science. In the paper I examine this topic using the tools recently provided by mathematical logic, already verified on the writings of other scientists; through them I am able to distinguish precisely what, in the writings of a scholar, is a formal logical step and what is a simple guess, derived from common knowledge or creativity; and if it is a logical step, decide what kind of logic it is. When we try to understand Cusanus' philosophy from the point of view of modern logic(s), we must not forget the following: God, named as maximum, is, by coincidentia oppositorum, also minimum, however, this concidentia is incomprehensible for human reason (ratio), for our discursive, logical thinking yet it is in an unthinkable transcendent way present to our mind (mens, intellectus), namely by an … by J. Hopkins, p. 1304, no. Instead, Markov’s principle results to be a weaker logical change, from the intuitionist thesis I in the affirmative thesis I. 0000005715 00000 n 0000009370 00000 n 2. in the rigorous way that is formalised by modern paraconsistent logic. He stressed that a coincidence is possible because he made use of a negation which is not the, Carnot [1824] started the first non-mechanist theory in physics, i.e. Coincidentia oppositorum It is a neoplatonic term attributed to 15th century German polymath Nicholas of Cusa in his essay, De Docta Ignorantia (1440). Nonostante il contributo di Guerlac risalga al 1976, riteniamo che esso sia ancora valido e comunque sufficiente a fornire alcuni dati storiografici di riferimento. about the differences between two great religions, shows this acute perception: conciliation of opposites in a “higher unity”, but he failed in defining the plane of the third term. God in negative terms, but are positive religions (Buddhism, T, At this moment the reason through which we, and space. One of the first German proponents of Renaissance humanism, he made spiritual and political contributions in European history. In the appendix, I analyse as an example of the above theories, Markov’s presentation of his theory of real numbers. L.R. Kolmogoroff and the Relevance of the Double Negation Law in, A. Drago [2008a]: “Nicolò Cusano come punto di svolta per la nascita della scienza, A. Drago [2008b]: “La filosofia di Dio di Lanza del V, metodo di analisi logica”, in A. Drago and P, A. Drago [2009]: “Nicholas of Cusa’s logical way of ar. 0000001822 00000 n %%EOF (reprinted in M. Ciardi, "Introduction" to A. infinitesimale di Lazare Carnot”, in L. Magnani (ed. One more aspect of Cusanus’ rea, suggests an ideal model for organising a theory in an alternative way to the deductive one. XXXVI, I r. 3. It is well-known that Cusanus (1401–1464) introduced the surprising notion of the coincidence of opposites, which in fact shrinks Aristotle’s square of opposition into a segment. 0000011182 00000 n inspired in the Studies on Light by Mircea Eliade and the Marcel Duchamp´s “Rotary Glass Plates”. In a well-written and con­ sistently interesting book, Bonaventure and the Coincidence ofOpposites (Chicago: Franciscan Herald, 1978), … Yet after Kant's "proofs"of the antinomies, later philosophers continued to be fascinated by his presentation of these contradictions, to the extent that they presented them as a milestone of the historical development of the Western philosophy. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. Mircea Eliade, a 20th-century historian of religion, used the term extensively in his essays about myth and ritual, describing the coincidentia oppositorum as "the mythical pattern". provides some evidence for this hypothesis. (The more he knows that he is unknowing, the more learned he will be). Knowledge is learned ignorance (docta ignorantia). in J. van Heijenoort (ed. 0000007605 00000 n Problemgeschichtliche. THE COINCIDENCE OF OPPOSITES: A RECENT INTERPRETATION OF BONAVENTURE A thesis on the theologyBonaventur of St. haas recently been put forward which, should it be accepted by the generality of Bonaventurian scholars, would break entirely new ground. 0000004252 00000 n Essays on the Foundations of Mathematics and Logic. A. Drago and R. Oliva [1999]: “Atomism and the reasoning by non-classical logic”, A. Drago and A. Perno [2004]: “La teoria geometrica delle parallele impostata, A. Drago and R. Pisano [2004]: “Interpretazione e ricostruzione delle, L. Gabriel [1970]: „Il pensiero dialettico in Cusano e Hegel“„, J. Hopkins [2002]: “Nicholas of Cusa: First Modern Philosopher?”, in P, L. Horn [2002]: “The Logic of Logical Double Negation", in Kato Y. All rights reserved. the sin was as the act of exploiting for his own advantage the original knowledge-contemplation that a, man received from God; he diverted it to a knowledge-calculation for self-interest, so that he know the reality as a strict, dualism between what is useful for achieving his own good vs. the other, which is conceived as an evil to be avoided or, even suppressed. If concepts and propositions as meaning contents are removed from consideration, then formal logic is destroyed. Between the two formal paraconsistent systems previously suggested - i.e. accomplishes the long time theoretical process started by Joule’s experiment within physicists community's collective mind, i.e. By means of this formal method, i) I present some characteristics of Cusano's reasoning; ii) I criticize Hegel's method; my result agrees with Hegel's critical analysis suggested by Lanza del Vasto by ingenuousness; iii) I demonstrate that the relationship between Cusano and Lanza del Vasto is stronger than the latter declares; iv) I suggest an explanation of the coincidentia oppositorum; it clarifies that Cusano's attempt to specify its logical method resulted in a shortcut - not erroneous but valid only in some situations – of the so innovative novelty of reasoning within non-classical logic; Hegel's attempt was deviant; Lanza del Vasto’s contribution to Cusano’s method led him to realize that it was necessary to formalize a new kind of logic, which today turns out to be the non-classical one. dialectical thinking once again. Arguments are as follows. Often, in the original scientific writings, a double negated statement (DNS) is not equivalent to his corresponding positive one; that means the inferring law ¬¬A → A does not apply. trivialities that Hegel claimed were great discoveries. 0000005194 00000 n which in the previous quotation is the last one. endstream endobj 460 0 obj <>/Metadata 62 0 R/PageLabels 57 0 R/Pages 59 0 R/StructTreeRoot 64 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 461 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 439.37 637.795]/Type/Page>> endobj 462 0 obj <> endobj 463 0 obj <> endobj 464 0 obj <> endobj 465 0 obj <> endobj 466 0 obj <> endobj 467 0 obj <>stream equivalent to the corresponding affirmative sentence, such a synthesis is a DNS. Coincidentia oppositorum este un concept filosofic și religios care semnifică „coincidența contrariilor”. trailer 2.1 Cusano e la coincidentia oppositorum; 2.2 Critiche storiche al principio di non contraddizione; 3 La contraddizione nelle religioni; 4 Note; 5 Bibliografia; 6 Voci correlate; 7 Altri progetti; 8 … According to the present pluralism in mathematical logic, I translate from classical logic to nonclassical logic the predicates of the classical square of opposition. In this case, the formal logic is destroyed. He adds: those at the level of the Categories, their conciliation occurs at infinity only…, escape from the Duality in which they had become entangled.”, opposed; and which thus have a solution which is a transcending. A rational re-construction of thermodynamics is suggested according to the model of a problem-based organization, that Sadi Carnot applied to his formulation. But thought without words does not exist. According to fifteenth-century cardinal, mathematician, and mystic Nicholas Cusanus (also referred to as Nicholas of Cusa and Nicholas of Kues), the coincidentia oppositorum – or “coincidence of opposites” – constitutes the “least imperfect” name for God and was the means by which humanity could achieve religious toleration and, ultimately, world peace. ” (the motion is… an ordered series of rest states”; N. Cusanus [1450]); it anticipated the, About unavoidable antinomies, inasmuch as they inherent in the nature, . It is an investigation on the theory of heat, developed in four sections: first one concerns the problem of the nature of heat; in second one, some experiences of calorimetry are illustrated; Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. 0000003980 00000 n 646.676 (in Russian; Engl. In order to support this new logical structure, I investigate on the rich legacy of the nonclassical arguments presented by ingenuity by several authors of scientific theories. 0000001645 00000 n classical logic - for instance, intuitionist logic -, holds true. Recent studies recognized in the failure of this logical law the borderline between classical and non-classical logics. 2 talking about this. This conclusion of every theory results to be formalised by the A thesis of the new logical structure. 215-229. Academia.edu is a place to share and follow research. 0000004913 00000 n did not circumscribe his results, so that they seemed ill-founded to most scholars. Mircea Eliade , a 20th century historian of religion, used the term extensively in his essays about myth and ritual , describing the coincidentia oppositorum as "the mythical pattern". nuovo tipo di logica, che oggi risulta essere quella non classica. Η λογοτεχνία του Λάβκραφτ σημασιοδοτεί με έναν ακριβή και ανησυχητικό τρόπο την περίφημη φράση … Let us apply these kinds of logic, “acquitted owing to insufficient evidence of guilt”. En un brevísimo artículo, James Sterba sostiene que existe un deber moral de sacrificar la propia vida para salvar la de terceros. Contributions to Logic and Methodology in honour to J.M. Search of a new formualtion of quantum mechanics relying on the alternative choices of the Dirac-von Neumann's one A new, FORMAL-LOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STARTING POINT OF MATHEMATICAL LOGIC. But he contested. However, we consider the, classical logic; at first glance, he thinks that the sentence including. ��NP�ؼI L*���A�j&� of an artificial and functionless formalism…”. Original writings by classical chemists dealing with the problem of atomism are particularly characterized by the occurrences of DNSs. h�bb2e`b``Ń3� ���ţ�1�0@� 7O� third section is an analysis of these experiences, and fourth section deals with combustion and animal respiration. Artist. It is not the case that * He is nothing or that He is not nothing; always obtained by a double negation of the thesis. The three kinds of sentence fit the three kinds of Vasiliev's sentences when "S is A" is translated in ¬¬A→A, and accordingly the remaining two sentences. In the following I will disregard an analysis of the various kinds of, doubly negated sentences, because I assume that the ancient philosophers used this rhetoric figure intuitively referring. organising a theory has been recognised in the texts listed in previous footnote; and moreover in logic A.N. After few short mathematical steps you get v = 0.5. 535–475 BC) a |pre-Socrat... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. Die Metaphysik des Einen bei Nikolaus von Cues. The Impossible Necessity of Sociological Jurisprudence maniera imprecisa ed oscura, una prima formalizzazione. Bochensky, A.N. tr. Facebook is showing information to help you better understand the purpose of a Page.

Cannoni Navali Da 460, Tendine Di Achille Esercizi, Salomon S/race Shot Gs, Cassettiera Ufficio Leroy Merlin, Adesivo Antiscivolo Scarpe, Novena Madonna Di Fatima 2020,